Signal constellation is a key concept in the field of digital communication and signal processing. It refers to the set of possible symbols that can be used to represent digital data in a communication system. These symbols are typically represented as points in a complex plane, with each point corresponding to a specific combination of amplitude and phase. The choice of signal constellation has a significant impact on the performance of a communication system, as it determines the amount of information that can be transmitted and the robustness of the system to noise and interference. Common signal constellations include QPSK (Quadrature Phase Shift Keying), 16-QAM (Quadrature Amplitude Modulation), and 64-QAM, each offering different trade-offs between data rate and error resilience. Research in signal constellations focuses on optimizing the design of signal constellations to achieve high data rates, minimize error rates, and improve spectral efficiency. This research is crucial for the development of modern communication systems, such as wireless networks, satellite communications, and optical communication systems.